Hose's langur (''Presbytis hosei'') is a species of

primate Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...

in the family

Cercopithecidae Old World monkey is the common English name for a family of primates known taxonomically as the Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons ...

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to the island of

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

, including

Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely sur ...

Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo. In 2019, ...

(

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

), and

East Malaysia East Malaysia (), or the Borneo States, also known as Malaysian Borneo, is the part of Malaysia on and near the island of Borneo, the world's third-largest island. Near the coast of Sabah is a small archipelago called Labuan. East Malaysia li ...

. Its natural

habitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

is subtropical or tropical dry

forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. The United Nations' ...

s. It is threatened by

habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

. It was first identified in Kutai National Park and Sangkulirang Peninsula, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 1985.

Miller's langur Miller's langur (''Presbytis canicrus''), also known as Miller's grizzled langur or Kutai grey langur, is a species of leaf monkey. It is endemic to East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is one of the world's most endangered ...

(''P. canicrus'') and the

Saban grizzled langur The Sabah grizzled langur (''Presbytis sabana''), also known as the Saban grizzled langur, is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Hose's langur, ''Presbytis hosei'' (as ''Presbytis hosei ...

(''P. sabana'') were previously considered subspecies of Hose's langur. There used to also be two additional forms that were considered separate subspecies, ''P. h. hosei'' and ''P. h. everetti''. However, ''P. h. everetti'' is no longer considered to be a separate subspecies as the original identification of it as a separate subspecies appears to be the result of comparing a subadult female with an adult male.

Threatened extinction

In 1996, Hose's langurs of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, were among the most common primates in the area. In 2003, their population densities have decreased by 50–80%. The sudden drop in population arises from the rising demand for its bezoar stones and to prevent crop raiding, and the rapid

deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

and removal of the primate's habitat. Densities of Hose's langurs positively correlate with tree height, height of the first bough, tree diameter, and canopy cover, and negatively with vegetation cover at low and ground level. With the constant deforestation and destruction of its habitat, Hose's langurs continue to lose their habitat. Every known area in which the primate resides has been affected severely, with the exception of the innermost areas of forests that have been relatively untouched by humans.Vincent Nijma
Effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the density and the biomass of the endemic Hose's leaf monkey Presbytis hosei (Thomas, 1889) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in east Borneo
2004. Retrieved 26 October 2012

References

External links

* ARKive �
images and movies of Hose's langur ''(Presbytis hosei)''
{{Authority control Presbytis Endemic fauna of Borneo Mammals of Borneo Mammals of Brunei Primates of Indonesia Mammals of Malaysia Mammals described in 1889 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Vulnerable fauna of Asia